Many of the core principles of the human dimensions of nuclear security do not conflict with nuclear safety; indeed, many of the characteristics of an effective security culture are also evident in nuclear safety culture. For example, professionalism and adherence to procedures are key characteristics relevant to both areas.

However, there are situations where nuclear security and nuclear safety come into conflict. A very basic example would be the question: how many entrances and exits should a new building have? The interests of safety would dictate more exits, and security fewer exits. Similarly, in the case of a fire alarm, would the priority be getting personnel out as quickly as possible or invoking security procedures?

When these two areas come into conflict, careful consideration is required to deconflict and find compromises which allow for both objectives to be achieved.

Further Reading:

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Nuclear Security Culture, IAEA Nuclear Security Series: Implementing Guide, No. 7, Vienna, 2008

Khripunov, I., ‘Nuclear safety vs security: Can the two cultures be harmonized?’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2018